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Notably, the entire world is talking about DevOps, so there is no surprise that companies are looking for developers and team leaders who are well-versed in the latest DevOps approaches. Further, speaking of the latest approaches, it is becoming more important than ever to integrate DevOps, APM, and the developer.?The culture shift requires not only the right tools but also the right developers to enhance existing teams. So the ruling question which arises here is, what are the expected questions you might face in the interviewing process in the DevOps era.
Therefore, for your proper guidance, in this article, we have crafted the list based on the know-how of instructors who are industry experts to unearth some insights on the interview questions.?
Azure DevOps Interview Questions
If you have started to prepare for development and operations roles in the IT industry, then you must know how challenging it is to break into the exam. So, here are some of the most common DevOps interview questions and answers that can help you while you prepare for DevOps roles in the industry.
1. What is DevOps?
The very first question that you might come across in an Azure DevOps interview would deal with the root element. DevOps is a culture that implies the collaboration between development and operations teams in an organization. In other words, it is a newly emerging term in the field of IT, which is basically a practice that emphasizes the collaboration and communication of both software developers and deployment(operations) team. It lays special focus on delivering software products faster and lowering the failure rate of releases.
2. What are the reasons to use DevOps?
The question is one of the most common Azure DevOps interview questions. It helps enterprises deliver smaller features to customers with higher efficiency and speed. The functionalities of DevOps speaks for itself. That is to say, they indicate its potential for providing seamless software delivery. Examples of success with DevOps include the names of Google and Amazon. These tech giants could achieve thousands of code deployments every day alongside delivering the benefits of security, stability, and reliability.?
3. What are the benefits attached to DevOps?
Fenresallty, the response to this particular question focuses on two distinct aspects. Apparently, the benefits of DevOps are evident in the form of technical and business benefits. The technical benefits incorporate continuous software delivery, faster problem solving, and limited complexity of problems. The business benefits of DevOps incorporate faster delivery of features and additional time for adding value to the end product.
4. Present one example of the use of DevOps in real life?
There are various industries that are using DevOps, thereby leading to a vast number of use cases that can serve as responses here. However, here is an example of a peer-to-peer e-commerce website, namely Esty which focuses on handmade or vintage products and supplies. Etsy had to face issues with slow and stressful site updates that led to frequent downtimes, which results in the lost sales to the competition of Esty. At that particular time, Etsy decided to take a step away from the traditional waterfall model towards DevOps. Now, it employs a completely automated deployment pipeline along with proven continuous delivery practices leading to over 50 deployments daily. The best thing about Etsy’s use case is that it does not experience frequent disruptions with deployment after adopting DevOps.
5. List out the core operations of DevOps with application development and with infrastructure?
The core operations of DevOps with application development and with infrastructure are:
Application development
- Code building
- Code coverage
- Unit testing
- Packaging
- Deployment
Infrastructure
- Provisioning
- Configuration
- Orchestration
- Deployment
6. What are the popular DevOps tools for continuous integration and continuous deployment?
The obvious DevOps tools for continuous integration incorporate Jenkins, GitLab CI, TeamCity, Bamboo, Codeship, CircleCI, and Travis CI. The popular DevOps tools for continuous deployment include Azure Pipelines for Deployment, Jenkins, Bamboo, DeployBot, Shippable, ElectricFlow, and TeamCity.
7. What is continuous testing and the ideal DevOps tools for the same?
First things first, candidates need to understand that DevOps is not about tools or process improvements, rather it focuses on people, automation, and culture changes. Therefore, automated testing through writing scripts to execute the testing process automatically enables frequent releases. Many open-source tools for test automation can help in achieving the DevOps objective of continuous testing. Some of the notable DevOps tools for continuous testing are Selenium, JMeter, AntUnit, JUnit, SoapUI, and Cucumber.?
8. What is Azure DevOps?
Azure DevOps is the latest as well as the current name for Microsoft Visual Studio Team Services (VSTS). It is well-known as a promising application lifecycle management tool. Azure DevOps helps you to draft a project with the help of Agile tools and templates. While the other functionalities of Azure DevOps include the management and running of test plans and version control of source code alongside the management of branches. Besides this, it helps in the deployment of a solution across different platforms by leveraging Azure Pipelines. Azure DevOps facilitates continuous integration and continuous deployment for faster and effective deployment.?
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9. List down the between Azure DevOps Services and Azure DevOps Server?
This question sounds tricky and may knock you down at your interview. Azure DevOps Services is the cloud service of Microsoft Azure with a highly scalable, reliable, and globally available hosted service. On the contrary, DevOps Server is an on-premises offering, built on a SQL Server back end.
Generally, enterprises choose the later i.e., on-premises offering when they need their day within their network. The other reason for choosing the on-premises indicates the need for accessing SQL Server reporting services integrating effectively with Azure DevOps data and tools. Both Azure DevOps Services and Azure DevOps Server offer similar basic services, though with certain added benefits of the former. Here are the additional advantages:
- Firstly, Simpler server management.
- After that, Better connectivity with remote sites.
- Subsequently, Faster access to new and productive features.
- Moreover, Transition in focus from capital expenditures on servers and infrastructure towards operational expenditures on subscriptions.
10. Name the factors responsible for choosing one between Azure DevOps Services and Azure DevOps Server?
You may think of the following important factors to consider before making the choice of a platform between Azure DevOps Services and Azure DevOps Server:’
- ?Scope and scale data
- Authentication requirements
- Users and groups
- Management of user access
- Security and data protection precedents
- Process customization
11. What are the different DevOps solution architectures?
You can make use of multiple tools and technologies with Azure for the following DevOps scenarios to design solution architectures.
- Firstly, CI/CD for Containers
- Secondly, Java CI/CD using Jenkins and Azure Web Apps
- After that, Container CI/CD using Jenkins and Kubernetes on Azure Kubernetes Service
- In addition, Immutable Infrastructure CI/CD using Jenkins and Terraform on Azure Virtual Architecture
- Moreover, DevTest image factory
- Further, CI/CD for Azure VMs
- Last but not least, CI/CD for Azure Web Apps
12. What are Azure boards?
Azure Boards are an Azure DevOps service that facilitates the management of work in software projects. Azure Boards provide a diverse set of capabilities such as customizable dashboards, integrated reporting, and native support for Kanban and Scrum. Work items, boards, backlogs, sprints, dashboards, and queries are the core features of Azure Boards
13. What are the salient reasons to use Azure Boards?
The applications of Azure Boards and the wide variety of features are the foremost reasons to choose them. The prominent reasons to use Azure Boards are.
- Simple to start with an opportunity for scaling as per growth levels
- The facility of visually interactive tools
- Ease of customization
- In-built tools for social communication
- Flexible information capturing and ample cloud storage capacity
- Easy to find requirements and facility of notifications regarding changes
- Monitoring status and progress with in-built analytics and dashboards
- Integration with MS Office
- The benefit of extensions and extensibility
- Opportunity to start without a price
14. What is Azure Repos?
This particular question is basic yet tough. Azure Repos is a version control system that helps in managing code and the variety of versions throughout the development lifecycle. Azure Repos can be really helpful in tracking changes to the code by different teams.
The interesting factor about Azure Repos is the facility of a centralized version control system and a distributed version control system. Git is the distributed version control system in this case. On the other hand, the Team Foundation Version Control (TFVC) is the centralized version control system.
15. What are the containers in DevOps? Which container platforms does Azure DevOps support?
The container is responsible for catering to an easy approach for packaging software code, related configurations, packages, and dependencies in a single project. Further, you can add more to your response by stating that multiple containers could run on the same machine and share the operating system with other containers.
Azure DevOps provides container support for Docker and Asp.Net with containers.?
16. What are Azure pipelines?
The question is of technical nature and is basically aksed to test the technical know-how of the candidate. Azure Pipeline is a service on the Azure cloud which is basically used for automatically building and testing code projects. Not only this, but the Azure pipelines works effectively with the majority of languages and project types, thereby presenting improvements in the availability of code project to other users.
17. What are the reasons to use CI and CD and Azure Pipelines?
One of the topmost reasons to implement CI and CD pipelines is to ensure reliable and quality code. Azure Pipelines provide an easy, secure, and faster approach for automation of processes to build projects and ensuring their availability.
In addition, you can also present the following reasons to use Azure pipelines for CI and CD in such Azure DevOps interview questions.
- Firstly, Support for any language or platform
- After that, Deployment to various types of a target simultaneously
- Subsequently, Integration with Azure deployments
- Further, Building on Windows, Mac, and Linux machines
- Moreover, Integration with GitHub
- Also, Capability for working with open-source projects
18. What are Azure Test Plans?
Azure Test Plans, a service launched with Azure DevOps provides a browser-based test management solution for exploratory, planned manual, and user acceptance testing. In addition, Azure Test Plans are also responsible for realizing the focus of DevOps on automated testing. Azure Test Plans helps in assimilating the contributions from developers, testers, product owners, user experience advocates, and managers to the quality of a project.
19. What is the role of Azure Artifacts?
Azure Artifacts refers to the extension of Azure DevOps Services and Azure DevOps Server. The ultimate role of Azure Artifacts is to bring the concepts of multiple feeds for the first time.
Moreover, Azure Artifacts help in the formation and sharing of Maven, NuGet, and npm package feeds from private and public sources with teams of varying sizes.
20. How to make a NuGet package available to anonymous users outside your organization, alongside minimizing the number of publication points?
You can create a new feed for the package in order to solve the above situation. Further, you can set permissions on the feed to enable sharing packages with higher scalability according to the scenario’s requirements. Moreover, the multiple feeds on Azure Artifacts help in controlling access to packages across four levels of access. The four levels of access are owners, readers, contributors, and collaborators.?
21. Mention some important features of Memcached
Memcached offers a wide variety when it comes to feature. To name a few,
- Firstly, CAS Tokens
- Secondly, Callbacks
- Then, GetDelayed
- Also, Binary protocol
- Moreover, Igbinary
22. Explain if there is any possibility to share a single instance of a Memcache between multiple projects?
Yes, there is a possibility to share a single instance of Memcache between multiple projects. Memcache is basically a memory storage space where you can run Memcache on one or more servers. Further, you can also configure your client to speak to a particular set of instances. In this way, you can run two different Memcache processes on the same host and yet they are completely independent.
23. Explain what Dogpile effect is? How can you prevent this effect
Dogpile effect is a time period that indicates the expiry of the cache, followed by multiple requests hit by the client on the website. The easiest way to prevent this effect is to use a semaphore lock. The semaphore lock starts generating the new value as the cache expires.
24. Explain Pair Programming with reference to DevOps
Pair programming is basically an engineering practice of Extreme Programming Rules. Under this method, two programmers work on the same system, on the same design/algorithm/code.
While one programmer act as a “driver’’, the other acts as an “observer” who continuously monitor the progress of a project to identify problems. Not to mention, the roles can be undone at any point of time without any prior intimation.
25. What are Azure DevOps Projects?
Azure DevOps Projects is powered by Azure DevOps.presents a simplified experience for bringing existing code and Git repository for creating CI and CD pipeline to Azure. The use of Azure DevOps Projects is also apparent if you select one of the sample applications.
Expert’s Corner
To conclude, the DevOps exam requires in-depth knowledge of processes, tools, and relevant technology. To become the perfect fit,? a holistic understanding of the products, services, and systems in place is a must. If your answers matched the answers we have mentioned provided in the article above, then you are in great shape for future DevOps interviews. Therefore, make sure you go through the article rigorously.
If you’re looking for answers to specific DevOps interview questions that are not addressed here, feel free to ask them in the comments below and our DevOps experts will help you craft the perfect answer.
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